STUDIES & REPORTS
- 2018 -
Measuring Community Needs, Capital Flows, and Capital Gaps - The Urban Institute - 2018 NovemberCapital comes in many forms and from many sources, but it is a common need uniting a wide range of actors (including businesses, nonprofits, city governments, and consumers such as homebuyers or students) who are seeking to grow and develop. Debt—although justifiably generating concern when it is too expensive, deceptive, or great in magnitude—is nevertheless vital to growth. So too with equity investments for many businesses and projects. Access to capital is often a sign of economic strength. There have been concerns for decades that some places, groups of people, or types of businesses have had unequal access to capital. For example, access to mortgage loans was a significant challenge for people of color exacerbated by the federal Home Owners’ Loan Corporation’s designation of neighborhoods across the US with African American residents as areas risky for mortgage lending, as was the Federal Housing Administration’s refusal to insure nonwhite mortgages (Aaronson, Hartley, and Mazumder 2017; Rothstein 2017). The formation of the Small Business Administration (SBA), the Federal Housing Administration, and various US Department of Agriculture (USDA) lending programs, to name but a few government programs, were all based on concerns that one or more sectors of society lacked access to capital. But limited access to capital is not just a historical phenomenon—it is contemporary. One current effort to improve capital access in low-income areas is the Opportunity Zones incentive, which provides tax reductions to encourage the investment of capital gains in businesses and real estate in targeted census tracts (Theodos, Meixell, and Hedman 2018).
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BUILDING PUBLIC DATA CAPACITY AND PARTNERSHIPS FOR RACIAL EQUITY IN OAKLAND - SARA MCTARNAGHAN - 2018 MarchUrban Strategies Council, a regional research and advocacy organization in Oakland, California, works alongside its local governments to advance racial equity by coordinating cross-sector action coalitions, offering technical assistance on using data in planning and operations, and providing fresh analysis in key areas such as health, education, and criminal justice. As one example, the Council supports the Oakland–Alameda County Alliance for Boys and Men of Color through research on key outcomes, convening workgroups, and tracking progress to hold partners accountable. They also coached administrators and teachers in the Oakland Unified School District on reducing chronic absenteeism and to institute regular reporting of indicators by race and gender to identify both individual student and systemic issues.
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50 years after the Kerner Commission African Americans are better off in many ways but are still disadvantaged by racial inequality - Economic Policy Institute - 2018 FebruaryWhere do we stand as a society today? In this brief report, we compare the state of black workers and their families in 1968 with the circumstances of their descendants today, 50 years after the Kerner report was released. We find both good news and bad news. While African Americans are in many ways better off in absolute terms than they were in 1968, they are still disadvantaged in important ways relative to whites. In several important respects, African Americans have actually lost ground relative to whites, and, in a few cases, even relative to African Americans in 1968.
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- 2017 -
State Of Entrepreneurship - Zero Barriers: Three Mega Trends Shaping the Future of Entrepreneurship - Ewing Marion, Kauffman Foundation - 2017After a long Great Recession hangover, entrepreneurship is finally rebounding in the United States. Entrepreneurs are driving a resurgence of business activity in America—in new business creation, local small business activity, and the growth of small firms into larger businesses. But underneath this reassuring surface, turbulent shifts are shaping the future of entrepreneurship to be dramatically different than what it is today, or was in the past. We posit that three mega trends will be defining forces shaping the future of entrepreneurship for decades to come. These three trends reflect the changing demographics, map, and nature of American entrepreneurship.
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CLOSING THE WOMEN’S WEALTH GAP - Heather McCulloch, Director Closing the Women’s Wealth Gap initiative - 2017 JanuaryBuilding women’s economic security and closing the gender wealth gap should be a national imperative in the years ahead because the economic security of women is not just about women—it’s about the prosperity of children, families, communities, and the national economy. In the past forty years, women’s economic contribution to their households has increased exponentially. In 1976 one in twenty women was the sole breadwinners in their households; by 2013, it was one in four; 1 and today, women are breadwinners or co-breadwinners in nearly two-thirds of families with children.2 Women’s ability to earn, save, and invest plays a critical role in the well-being of their children;3 the strength of their communities, and the economic prosperity of our nation. Yet, today, private sector practices, public systems, and policy barriers are limiting the capacity of women—and especially women of color—to reach their full economic potential.
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- 2016 -
Black and White: Access to Capital among Minority-Owned Startups - Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research - 2016 DecemberMore than half a century after the passage of the Civil Rights Act, economic differences between whites and African-Americans continue to be a source of social and political tension in the United States. The median household income for black families is $37,000 with one out of four black families living in poverty, compared with a median income of $63,000 and poverty rate of 9 percent for white families (U.S. Census Bureau 2016). Inequalityisevenhigherforwealthandfinancialassets. Forexample,themedianhousehold net worth for black families is fourteen times lower than that of whites and only 6 percent of black families own stocks or mutual funds (U.S. Census Bureau 2014). Levels of home ownership and home equity are also much lower among black families (U.S. CensusBureau2014).
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Black workers’ wages have been harmed by both widening racial wage gaps and the widening productivity-pay gap - Economic Policy Institute - 2016 OctoberParticipants in the ongoing discussion about how to remedy centuries of economic inequality experienced by African Americans generally fall into one of two camps. One group calls for explicitly race-based or racially targeted solutions, while the other group supports raceneutral, or universal, progressive economic policies and programs. This brief focuses on the damage done to typical black workers’ wages in recent decades and demonstrates that progress on both fronts is necessary to undo the damage. Specifically, widening black-white wage gaps and growing overall wage inequality between 1979 and 2015 imposed a dual penalty on black workers’ wage growth. Therefore, a dual strategy is necessary to put black workers’ wages back on a trajectory that lets them share in the fruits of overall economic growth while also closing persistent gaps with white workers.
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Startup Financing Trends by Race: How Access to Capital Impacts Profitability - Kauffman Foundation - 2016 OctoberThis briefing explores startup financing trends and how access and cost of capital impact profitability. To do so, we use data from the Annual Survey of Entrepreneurs (ASE). The ASE, conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau, is the largest annual survey of American entrepreneurs ever done, and exists thanks to a public-private partnership between the Census Bureau, the Kauffman Foundation, and the Minority Business Development Agency.
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The Ever Growing Gap - CFED and IPS Final - August 2016 -Racial and economic inequality are the most pressing social issues of our time. In the last decade, we have seen the catastrophic economic impact of the Great Recession and an ensuing recovery that has bypassed millions of Americans, especially households of color. This period of economic turmoil has been punctuated by civil unrest throughout the country in the wake of a series of high-profile African-American deaths at the hands of police. These senseless and violent events have not only given rise to the Black Lives Matter movement, they have also sharpened the nation’s focus on the inequities and structural barriers facing households of color.
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Undervalued and Underpaid in America Women in Low-Wage, Female-Dominated Jobs - The Institute for Women’s Policy Research - 2016Many workers in the United States are working poor: even when working full-time their earnings are so low that they and their families are left in poverty or near-poverty. Women, and particularly women of color, make up a disproportionate number of these workers. The large majority of low wage women workers work in the service sector, and a disproportionate number of women work in low-wage occupations that are primarily done by women. These occupations involve health, education, and child care work, personal services, working with food, and cleaning tasks that were traditionally done by women in the home, and that continue to be undervalued in the labor market. Employment projections from the Bureau of Labor Statistics show that many of the occupations that will add the most jobs by 2024 will be low-wage and predominately female. This pattern could exacerbate present inequalities, placing more women, especially women of color, and their families into poverty and hardship.
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Breaking the Cycle: From Poverty to Financial Security for All - PolicyLink - 2016Building financial security involves harnessing the array of resources, capabilities, and institutional supports that enable vulnerable families to sustain themselves, thrive, and move up the economic ladder. It also requires reform of the systems— finance, education, justice, health, and tax—that impact family financial well-being. The ability to earn and accumulate assets determines whether families can leave poverty behind and achieve economic security. Assets include both tangible and intangible resources such as cash savings, a college education, stocks and bonds, or a home. Without assets, families may be able to subsist day-to-day, but will not be able to cope with a financial emergency, save for their children, or invest in a better future.
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Sacramento County Community Health Needs Assessment - Sierra Health Foundation - 2016 -This Community Health Needs Assessment (CHNA) was commissioned by Sierra Health Foundation on behalf of the Healthy Sacramento Coalition as a means to identify and prioritize health needs in Sacramento County. The Healthy Sacramento Coalition, originally funded by a Community Transformation Grant from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, recently adopted a vision of eliminating health inequities in Sacramento through advocacy. This report serves to update the findings of the CHNA report conducted by Valley Vision in 2013, which identified 15 of Sacramento County’s 56 zip codes as experiencing the greatest socioeconomic inequities and the highest rates of disease and mortality in the county. The 15 zip codes were grouped into three Focus Communities: North Sacramento, Downtown Sacramento and South Sacramento. This report highlights persisting disparities in these original 15 zip codes, with a new focus on racial and ethnic disparities and youth populations within the Focus Communities.
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Cities Building Community Wealth - Democracy Collaborative - 2016 -As cities struggle with rising inequality, widespread economic hardship, and racial disparities, something surprising and hopeful is also stirring. In a growing number of America’s cities, a more inclusive, community-based approach to economic development is being taken up by a new breed of economic development professionals and mayors. This approach to economic development could be on the cusp of going to scale. It’s time it had a name. We call it community wealth building.
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- 2015 -
Racial Wealth Gap Strategy - Asset Funders Network and Aspen - 2015 -The growing racial and ethnic wealth gap presents a challenge for funders striving to build assets and tackle inequality in the United States. One of the key reasons for the racial wealth gap is that African-American and Latino households hold lower levels of business and financial assets. This is one of the key reasons for the racial wealth gap, so it stands to reason that business ownership may be an important means to narrow the gap. However, people of color have historically been challenged to secure the resources—such as capital, education, and experience, as well as access to markets—needed to start and grow businesses. Micro- and small-business development strategies and programs have traditionally sought to engage underserved racial and ethnic groups as a means to opening opportunities for entrepreneurship.
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BOOTSTRAPS ARE FOR BLACK KIDS - Yunju Nam, Ph.D., University at Buffalo, State University of New York Darrick Hamilton, Ph.D., The New School William A. Darity, Jr., Ph.D., Duke University Anne E. Price, M.A. The Insight Center for Community Economic Development - 2015 SeptemberAccumulated wealth can be passed on to children, begetting yet more wealth and opportunity in successive generations. This report examines associations by race between parental economic resources, parental financial support, and their children’s adult economic success. To do so, we use data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) collected between 1982 and 2013. The sample consists of heads of households or spouses who were 35 to 46 years old in 2013 and who were children or step-children of household heads in the 1984 sample (889 whites and 508 blacks). We measure parental economic resources by considering both family income and net worth from1982 to 1984 when children were dependent of household heads. We use three types of parentalfinancial support using the new information in the 2013 Transfer data in PSID: parents’ financialsupport for higher education, for homeownership, and for all other purposes. These dichotomousvariables of parental assistance indicate whether individuals in the sample have ever receivedfinancial assistances for each purpose since age 18. Our measures of children’s adult outcomesinclude educational attainment, family income, homeownership, and net worth.
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Minority and Women Entrepreneurs: Building Capital, Networks, and Skills - The Hamilton Project - 2015 MarchThe United States has an enviable entrepreneurial culture and a track record of building new companies. Yet new and small business owners often face particular challenges, including lack of access to capital, insufficient business networks for peer support, investment, and business opportunities, and the absence of the full range of essential skills necessary to lead a business to survive and grow. Women and minority entrepreneurs often face even greater obstacles. While business formation is, of course, primarily a matter for the private sector, public policy can and should encourage increased rates of entrepreneurship, and the capital, networks, and skills essential for success, especially among women and minorities. In particular, this discussion paper calls for an expanded State Small Business Credit Initiative and an enlarged and permanent New Markets Tax Credit to encourage private sector investment in new and small businesses. These capital initiatives should be complemented with new federal support for local business networks, and for local skills acquisition initiatives, to make it more likely that small businesses will form, survive, and grow. For the United States to continue to grow, to innovate, and even more importantly to generate jobs, we need to expand our rate of business formation and improve the prospects for survival and growth of young and small businesses. Increasing the rate of minority and female entrepreneurship may help to reduce the race and gender wealth gaps, to reduce income and wealth inequality, and to increase social mobility. With the United States becoming more heterogeneous, increasing business formation by minority and female entrepreneurs is critical to improving the rate of entrepreneurship overall. Thus, if we are to grow as a country, create jobs, and make progress on correcting income and wealth inequality, we need to help minority and female entrepreneurs succeed.
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- 2014 -
The Wealth Gap for Women of Color - Center for Global policy Solutions - 2014 OctoberAcross the board, communities of color are at a wealth disadvantage. Wealth disparities are particularly burdensome for women who suffer from systemic racial and gender-based discrimination. As more women have joined the workforce— creating both dual- and single- income earning households—the labor market has made little progress in eliminating gender and race-based disparities in wages and employment outcomes. And, unfortunately, this limits women’s ability to build wealth over a lifetime.
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Beyond Broke - Center For Global Policy Solutions - May 2014 -Despite overwhelming evidence that the racial wealth gap persists in the U.S., it remains a taboo topic in mainstream policy circles and most officials studiously avoid offering targeted solutions to help close the gap. However, this issue is ignored at our nation’s peril given the anticipated growth of racial and ethnic groups over the next few decades. It is an inconvenient truth that the U.S. has maintained racialized policies that have stood in the way of people of color earning wealth and passing it on to the next generation.
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Retail Report - Colliers International - 2014 -Overall vacancy for all retail types has declined every year since reaching its peak 1st quarter 2010 at 14.2%. Vacancy overall this quarter decreased by 40 basis points to 12.0% and is expected to continue this trend throughout 2014. Power Regional vacancy rate dropped 20 basis points this quarter to 9.4% and remains the lowest in the market. Community Neighborhood makes up the largest portion of the retail market at 60.7% and saw vacancy rates drop 30 basis points to 11.8% this quarter. Overall Vacancy is expected to continue its decline throughout the year as the shift to shopping centers continues to trend throughout the market. Due to slow pace of the recovery, retail vacancy is projected to decline by 80 basis points over the year.
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- 2013 -
State of COC in the US Economy - Center For American Progress - October 2013 -In 2010, communities of color comprised more than 36 percent of the U.S. population, but they are projected to be the majority of the nation’s population by 2043.1 As we rocket toward a more multiracial future, closing racial and ethnic gaps in earnings, education, and other requisite areas is imperative. While making these changes and addressing these issues will be challenging, what we stand to gain, both as individuals and as a nation, is enormous.
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Economic Impact Of Tax Expenditure - Harvard and UC Berkeley Whitepaper -July 2013 -This paper develops a framework to study the effects of tax expenditures on intergenerational mobility using spatial variation in tax expenditures across the United States. We measure intergenerational mobility at the local (census commuting zone) level based on the correlation between parents’ and children’s earnings. We show that the level of local tax expenditures (as a percentage of AGI) is positively correlated with intergenerational mobility and that this correlation is robust to introducing controls for local area characteristics. To understand the mechanisms driving this correlation, we analyze the largest tax expenditures in greater detail. We find that the level and the progressivity of state income taxes are positively correlated with intergenerational mobility. Mortgage interest deductions are also positively related to Retrieving data. Wait a few seconds and try to cut or copy again. policy and intergenerational mobility. We conclude by discussing other applications of this methodology to evaluate the net benefits of tax expenditures.
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The Unfinished March - An Overview - Economic Policy Institute - June 2013 -The Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. gave his famous “I Have a Dream” speech at the 1963 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. Millions of Americans know that speech well enough to paraphrase its concluding passages. But there were nine other speeches that day, calling not just for legal rights, but for jobs and a living wage. On this 50th anniversary year of the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, it is critical to revisit this forgotten history of the march.
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California Economic Summit - Regional Forum Results And Chartering Action Teams - Steering Committee - June 2013 -This report is to prepare Steering Committee members for the June 27 all-day meeting, where the Committee will consider the results of the 16 Regional Forums held across California in April and May. The Forums engaged over 1700 regional leaders representing business, education, government, labor, environment and as well as elected officials to identify top priorities in workforce, infrastructure, regulations, innovation, capital, and other areas critical to the regions’ prosperity. Forum participants discussed which of these priorities could be most effectively addressed through collaboration with other regions and state partners through the Economic Summit. You can find blog posts about each Regional Forum on caeconomy.org.
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Empowering Minority Owned Businesses For Job Creation - Urban Institute - April 2013 -When it comes to economic gaps between whites and families of color in the United States, income inequality tells only part of the story. Urban Institute research shows that the racial wealth gap is three times larger than the racial income gap. This distinction is important because wealth is where economic opportunity lies. Wealth isn’t just money in the bank, it’s insurance against tough times, tuition to get a better education and a better job, capital to build a small business, savings to retire on, and a springboard into the middle class.
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Racial Wealth Gap Brief - Institute On Assets And Social Policy - February 2013 -Growing concerns about wealth inequality and the expanding racial wealth gap have in recent years become central to the debate over whether our nation is on a sustainable economic path. This report provides critical new information about what has fueled the racial wealth gap and points to policy approaches that will set our country in a more equitable and prosperous direction.
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California Economic Summit - Summit Playbook - 2013 -Traffic may be returning to the Bay Area’s freeways, tourism may be on the rise in Los Angeles, state budget revenues may even be climbing again—all good signs that the state’s economy is getting back on its feet. In the last year, over a quarter-million jobs have been created in California, more than any other state. As big as California’s economy is—if it were a country, it would be the eighth largest in the world—the state’s economic growth rate, with jobs roaring back in some cities, is still one of the top five in the nation, surpassed mainly by states enjoying oil and natural-gas booms.
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- 2012 -
Insight CCED - Strategic Plan - 2012 to 2016 -In the five years since the Insight Center for Community Economic Development embarked on its last Strategic Plan, the world has changed. So have we. As we enter our 43rd year, the Insight Center adopts this new Strategic Plan in recognition that American communities are in the midst of wrenching economic change. This reality requires new responses to the current crisis, as well as new strategies to prepare for a future in which the search for economic security may prove more challenging than ever.
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A WORLD AWASH IN MONEY - Bian & Company - 2012 -Global capital markets have been in a state of turmoil since the fi nancial collapse in late 2008. Ongoing intervention by fi scal policy makers and central banks to stimulate growth since then has heavily impacted equity and bond markets and depressed benchmark interest rates in many markets to historic lows. The turbulence has left senior corporate executives, institutional investors and fi nancial intermediaries looking to allocate capital in a quandary: After the crisis has passed, will familiar capital market conditions once again reassert themselves? Or will markets settle into a new pattern that will require major shifts in investor behavior? Retby fi scal policy makers and central banks to stimulate growth since then has heavily impacted equity and bond markets and depressed benchmark interest rates in many markets to historic lows. The turbulence has left senior corporate executives, institutional investors and fi nancial intermediaries looking to allocate capital in a quandary: After the crisis has passed, will familiar capital market conditions once again reassert themselves? Or will markets settle into a new pattern that will require major shifts in investor behavior? trends will infl uence the longer-term global investment environment by investigating how the quantity and scale of assets on the world balance sheet have evolved over time.
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San Fransico Urban Renewal And Displacement - Poverty and Race RAC - November 2012 -Once notorious for urban renewal that diminished housing affordability and displaced residents, the City of San Francisco is now renowned nationally for its best practices in housing and community development. How did this “hot market” city with limited land for development, extremely low rental vacancy rates and high demand for housing move from archaic urban renewal practices to thoughtful policies designed to preserve and enhance housing opportunities for low income families, prevent displacement of low income families, and create inclusive communities?
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State of Communities of Color in the US Economy - Center For American Progress - April 2012 -We are currently in the third year of economic recovery following the Great Recession and the financial crisis that upended domestic and world markets and decimated the global economy from December 2007 to June 2009. Three years into the recovery, the economic outlook is improving as economic growth is stabilizing and job creation gradually accelerating. That said, America’s families, which have suffered for years from high and long-term unemployment, remain in desperate need of stronger economic growth for a prolonged period in the foreseeable future.
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California Economic Summit Action Plan - California Economy - 2012 -California’s economy faces a critical moment that will shape current and future generations. Will we meet both the immediate and long-term challenges that confront our state and regions and make the choices necessary to build prosperity and return our Golden State to greatness?
The first California Economic Summit, held on May 11, 2012, was an unprecedented gathering of leaders focused on working together to put California’s economy on a sustainable path for growth. Based on the work of over 1,300 Californians participating in 14 Regional Forums seven Signature Initiatives were defined for priority action and later refined by five crossregional Action Teams for a Policy Playbook that was presented and reviewed by over 500 participants, at the Economic Summit creating common sense solutions to our economic challenges. |
Next Economy Regional Forum - 2012 SacramentoThe California Stewardship Network and California Forward will host the first California Economic Summit, Can-Do California: Thriving Regions Lead to a Thriving State. The Summit will connect regional and state leaders to develop a statewide job creation and competitiveness implementation plan, and a broad coalition to support that agenda. Regional Forums, conducted throughout the state in advance of the Summit, will identify economic opportunities and priorities for regional and state action.
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Strategies For Impacting Change In Communities of Color - Kellogg Foundation - 2012Communities of color are becoming an increasingly larger proportion of the U.S. population and are growing in wealth (Donor Research Project, 2003; Mottino & Miller, 2004; Ruesga, 2001). As a result, they represent a key resource for expansion of and contribution to the philanthropic community. This development has significant implications for philanthropic endeavors throughout this country. Historically, the philanthropic community has given little consideration to methods and motivations for giving among ethnic minorities.
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- 2011 -
West Fresno - Brownsfield Action Plan - EPA - 2011In January 2011, the Redevelopment Agency of the City of Fresno (Fresno RDA) received technical assistance from the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to conduct brownfields training and capacity building community forums involving local community groups. The primary purpose of the community forums was to inform an Action Plan for community-led brownfields reclamation in West Fresno. Despite having the impacts of decades of public and private disinvestment, West Fresno possesses strong civic, cultural and physical assets upon which revitalization can build. As with many communities around the country, despite the strong social and cultural assets present, the physical and economic environments reflect the negative impacts of disinvestment in many ways including but not limited to brownfields and other environmental challenges.
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State of COC in the U.S. Economy - Center For American Progress - January 2011 -The Great Recession of 2007–2009 produced widespread employment losses for communities of color and white families alike—losses that have yet to be overcome amid the still tentative economic recovery. All U.S. households were severely hurt by the recession but communities of color experienced larger losses than whites. This also means that, as the economic recovery deepens and the labor market recovers, communities of color will have to climb out of a deeper hole to regain the same level of economic security as they had before the crisis.
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State of Black Los Angeles - Healthy Neighborhood Index Intro - LAUL - 2011 -The powerful obelisk on our cover, created by esteemed Watts Tower Arts Center Artist-in-Residence Dominique Moody and six women from an innovative California African American Museum community workshop, embodies an idea that is firmly embraced by the residents and many community partners of Black Los Angeles: together, we can build something that is strong, beautiful and enduring. “In the Flow of Asê” interprets in glass, copper, and stenciled West African symbolic proverbs ideas central to the themes of family, community, courage, and the will to overcome obstacles. “Asê” (ah-SHAY), a term from Nigeria’s Yoruba people, affirms the power of words spoken and feelings expressed in stories that bind us together.
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Small Business Leak In Job Creation Study- Kauffman Foundation - 2011 -Although understandable in light of its traumatic impact, the Great Recession of 2007–2009 may be distracting attention from a more fundamental troubling economic trend. The United States appears to be suffering from a long-term leak in job creation that pre-dates the recession and has the potential to persist for an unknown time. The heart of the problem is a pullback by newly created businesses, the economy’s most critical source of job creation, which are generating substantially fewer jobs than one would expect based on past experience. In other recent research, the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation pointed to downward trends in job creation economy wide,1 evidence of the often-cited jobless recovery of the 2000s, but also an indication of some economy-wide slowing in the dynamics of job creation (and, until the Great Recession, job destruction).
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CDFI Start Up Toolkit - CCEDA CDE - 2011 -Successful lending efforts (and ancillary financial programs) results in economically stronger communities, stronger workforces, more informed and capable businesses and tenants, and ultimately a stronger and more inclusive economy. Because CDFI fund resources are limited, highly competitive and require a strong track record and high level of expertise, alternative solutions include the creation of partnerships with existing CDFIs. Partnerships could be as simple as having and existing CDFI expand their market area to include your geography or by providing a local site for training and technical assistance services. Another solution can include creation of a new fund targeted to the needs of your community but is managed and operated by a successful CDFI
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Charter Schools and African American Achievement - 2011 -Closing racial and economic achievement and opportunity gaps is a very important issue facing education today. Despite the successes of the Civil Rights movement, race-based achievement and opportunity gaps still exist for African American students. These gaps are seen across a host of educational outcomes and persist despite increased focus on eliminating them in recent years. Given the invaluable role education plays in life outcomes, these racial disparities are of significant importance to the lives of African American students and to the health of our nation.
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Health Care Law Ruling - Attorney General Pam Bondi - 01 31 11On March 23, 2010, President Obama signed health care reform legislation: “The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act.” Pub. L. No. 111-148, 124 Stat. 119 (2010), as amended by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010, Pub. L. No. 111-152, 124 Stat. 1029 (2010) (the “Act”). This case, challenging the Constitutionality of the Act, was filed minutes after the President signed. It has been brought by the Attorneys General and/or Governors of twenty-six states (the “state plaintiffs”)1 ; two private citizens (the “individual plaintiffs”); and the National Federation of Independent Business (“NFIB”) (collectively, the “plaintiffs”).
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- 2010 -
Venture Capital and Underserved Communities Julia Sass RubinAccess to equity capital is critical for the growth of businesses, especially for young companies, which lack the cash flows necessary to repay loans. To meet this need, a thriving venture capital industry has evolved, fostering job creation, economic growth, and innovation in the United States. Not all companies, however, have been equally able to access such investments. Firms owned by women and people of color and those located in rural and distressed urban regions of the country have been underserved by the venture capital industry. This note analyzes the factors responsible for this and proposes policies designed to ensure a more equitable economic landscape.
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Lifting as We Climb Women of Color, Wealth, and America’s Future - Insight Center for Community Economic Development - 2010 SpringThe poverty gap, based on income, is among the most widely used barometers to measure the relative economic status of women of color. Twenty-nine percent of white women heads of households with children live in poverty, compared to 43 percent of African-American women and 46 percent of Latina women.1 However, hidden beneath the poverty gap is an even more startling and consequential gap that often goes unnoticed—the wealth gap. The report “Lifting as We Climb: Women of Color, Wealth, and America’s Future,” examines the wealth gap between women of color and the rest of the population, a gap that significantly limits the economic prospects of future generations and holds back the progress of the American economy.
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Disparities In Capital Access - MBDA- January 2010 -Capital access remains the most important factor limiting the establishment, expansion and growth of minority-owned businesses. Given this well established constraint, the current financial environment has placed a greater burden on minority entrepreneurs who are trying to keep their businesses thriving in today’s economy. In this study, Dr. Robert W. Fairlie and Dr. Alicia Robb provide an in-depth review and analysis of the barriers to capital access experienced by minority entrepreneurs, and the consequences that limited financial sources are placing on expanding minority-owned firms.
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- 2009 -
Closing Racial Wealth Gap - Insight Center CED - March 2009 -As the economy takes a downturn, some American families are better able to weather hard times than others. Not only are workers of color facing more job loss than white workers, but they tend to have less to fall back on. Those losing homes, exhausting savings, and drowning in debt are disproportionately African American, Latino, Native American, and Asian/Pacific Islander. A long-standing cleft in our society is becoming more obvious: the racial wealth gap. For every dollar owned by the median white family in the United States, the typical Latino family has twelve cents, and the typical African American family has a dime.1
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Green Cities Report - By Living CitiesFver the past decade, climate change has moved from a scientific theory to a reality. Governments and communities around the globe are moving quickly to cut greenhouse gas emissions, in hopes of warding off the most devastating impacts of a dramatically altered climate. In the United States, in the absence of strong federal action, local governments have been taking the lead on addressing climate change. Until now.
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Race And Recession - Applied Research Center - May 2009 -For households of color who aspire to homeownership the impact could reverberate far beyond the immediate crisis. Wilhelmina Leigh of the Joint Center for Political and Economic Studies said: “It does spell a period of lessened wealth, a period perhaps of lessened creativity [for Black families].” “For people who are just starting out, a home is a visible sign of moving forward...It’s those visible signs and visible statements that can make a difference to a group of people who have not historically had opportunities to move forward,” said Leigh. Foreclosures drain communities of not only equity but also self-confidence, she said. “Here there were people trying to do well and move forward, and they get kicked in the teeth.”
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A Road Map for Math Achievement - March 2009 -In 2007, the federal government appointed a group of education professionals, researchers, and stakeholders to study and advise on ways to “foster greater knowledge of an improved performance in mathematics among American students…with respect to the conduct, evaluation and effective use of the results of research relating to proven-effective and evidence-based mathematics instruction…based on the best available scientific evidence” (National Mathematics Advisory Panel, 2006). The charge was aimed at preparing students to be successful in algebra at the high school level.
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Racial Impact Assessments - Economic And Budget - Applied Research Center - 2009Description: Economic policies and public spending and revenue decisions have enormous impacts--positive and negative--on different racial and ethnic groups. A Racial Equity Impact Assessment is a conscious and careful analysis of the effects of public decisions on different racial and ethnic groups. Conducting a Racial Equity Impact Assessment is a useful tool for assessing the actual or anticipated effects of public policies and budgets in order to identify ways to maximize equity and inclusion and minimize adverse and unanticipated impacts.
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Prosperity Economics - Jacob S. Hacker and Nate Loewenthell - 2009 -The United States faces two pressing economic problems. The first is immediate: Almost five years after the financial collapse, joblessness remains rampant and the economy is recovering far too slowly. The second problem is deeper: the breaking of the historical connection between growing economic output, on the one hand, and middle-class wages and income, on the other. Over the last generation, the productivity of American workers—output per hour of work—grew substantially. Yet, in a sharp break with the past, wages for most workers stopped rising in tandem with productivity.
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Minority Business Framework - Insight 4 Cleveland Foundation - 2009 -The purpose of this report is to provide information to assist The Cleveland Foundation in developing its minority business development approach, with an emphasis on supporting the growth and health of established and mid-level businesses. Through this report we provide an assessment of the current local minority business status and identify promising focus areas for the Foundation as it moves ahead. It is important to note that this report is not a prescription for revitalizing inner city neighborhoods or distressed inner suburbs. There are many other factors beside minority business development that contribute to neighborhood vitality.
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- 2007 -
Reconsidering Incarceration: New Directions for Reducing Crime - By Don Stemen Director of Research, Center on Sentencing and Corrections - January 2007 -Current research on the relationship between incarceration and crime provides confusing and even contradictory guidance for policymakers. The most sophisticated analyses generally agree that increased incarceration rates have some effect on reducing crime, but the scope of that impact is limited: a 10 percent increase in incarceration is associated with a 2 to 4 percent drop in crime. Moreover, analysts are nearly unanimous in their conclusion that continued growth in incarceration will prevent considerably fewer, if any, crimes than past increases did and will cost taxpayers substantially more to achieve.
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- 2006 -
Community Action Plan - EOI - September 2006 -The California Economic Strategy Panel has found that quality of life is one of the key public policy issues that profoundly affect the capacity and prospects of California's businesses to prosper and the economy to grow. A thriving downtown or neighborhood commercial district is a paramount component of each community's quality of life. It provides a central gathering place for entertainment, civic life and commerce. It supplies a focal point for community identity and pride. It offers a sense of place, connectivity, integration and cohesion for residents. It attracts visitors and projects a healthy community image upon which industrial investors rely in part to make their location decisions. It provides small business ownership opportunities, jobs, retail sales and property tax revenues.
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- 2004 -
TAKING ACTION FOR TOMORROW California Life Sciences Action Plan - BayBio - 2004
The California Life Sciences industry leads the world. The achievements of the over 2,500 California firms have established the gold standard for innovation and creativity. Indeed, three of the four regions where the industry has concentrated its activities — the Bay Area, the Los Angeles region, and San Diego —could stand proudly in their own right on the world stage. Beginning with efforts in the Bay Area more than 25 years ago, the State’s Life Sciences industry has drawn from leading research institutions, an increasingly innovative workforce, and a willing and cooperative venture capital community. As a result, of the over 6,250 Life Sciences firms worldwide, 40% are located in California.1 These California-based companies are leading the development of a new, global industry, which holds out the prospect of significantly enhanced health and well-being for the world’s population.
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Missing Persons: Minorities In The Health Professions A Report of The Sullivan Commission On Diversity In the Healthcare Workforce - 2004 -This report, Missing Persons: Minorities in the Health Professions, emphasizes the need for leadership, commitment, and accountability at the highest levels in institutions of learning and professional organizations, and at the national level in the form of legislation and a Presidential task force to give urgency and focus to the problem.
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- 2003 -
THE RETURN OF SEGREGATED HOUSING TO CALIFORNIA Annual Report on African American - Homeownership Vina Nguyen Ha Academy Fellow Robert Gnaizda Policy Director - Decemeber 2003California’s African American population continues to face a form of segregation that continues to make the dream of home ownership a remote prospect. California has the second lowest home ownership rate in the nation (56% versus 68.4% national average). In particular, 60% of African Americans in California are without homeownership as opposed to 28% for whites. This disparity is due to the extraordinarily high price of homes in California where the median home price is $386,000—more than twice the national median of $177,000. Further, the median price in the most heavily populated areas of California is far greater. In San Francisco, for example, the median price of $556,000 is more than three times the national average. In Orange County, the median is $440,000 or two-and-a-half times the national median.
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- 2002 -
AFTERCARE AS AFTERTHOUGHT: REENTRY AND THE CALIFORNIA YOUTH AUTHORITY - Michele Byrnes Daniel Macallair, MPA Andrea D. Shorter - AUGUST 2002 -Each year, more than 2,000 youthful offenders are released from the California Youth Authority (CYA). The challenge for the State of California is to preserve public safety and assist youthful offenders to make a positive transition to a productive life. Because every youthful offender will be released back to society, the costs of failure are staggering, and it is clearly in the best interest of our communities to rehabilitate this population. Given the extraordinary number of other urgent priorities, this public-safety challenge must be met with as much costefficiency as possible. Limited resources should be targeted at prevention and intervention programs with strong track records in preventing re-offense. Solutions do exist, and successful programs can become part of a statewide juvenile justice improvement strategy.
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Maximizing Returns: A Proposal for Improving the Accountability of California's Investments in Economic Development. California Budget Projec -, January 2002In November 2001, economists declared that the nationís economy was officially in a recession. Californiaís unemployment rate rose by 1.1 percentage points between January and November, and there were over 250,000 more jobless Californians in November than at the beginning of the year. The downturn in the economy has been accompanied by a sharp deterioration in the stateís fiscal condition, with forecasters now predicting a state budget deficit in excess of $10 billion in the upcoming fiscal year.
The recession, which follows a period of unprecedented economic growth, has prompted renewed interest, at both the state and national levels, in how public policies and public dollars can best be used to stimulate the economy. To date, most of the debate has focused on what new efforts might be initiated to improve the stateís economy. Little or no attention has been paid to whether the billions of dollars the state already spends each year to promote a healthy economy are achieving their desired result. |
Creating A Shared California Economic Strategy: A Call to Action - California Economic Strategy Panel, -December 2002→ California has 58 counties. → The California Economic Strategy Panel has identified nine economic regions. → Statewide, total Nonfarm1 jobs grew by 21.1% from 1995-2008, but declined in 2009, resulting in net growth of just 10.7% from 1995-2009. Nonfarm jobs declined by 4.2% from March 2008 to March 2009 and again by 3.1% from March 2009 to March 2010. → The state’s population grew 6% while total employment (including Farm jobs) grew 6% and the average annual wage grew by 24.6% (2001-2008), although total employment declined from 2001 to 2003, followed by four years of growth through 2007, and then losses (-1%) from 2007 to 2008. → 96.4% of all businesses have fewer than 50 employees, and those businesses provide 44.5% of the region’s jobs. → 8.5% of the state’s population reported as self-employed. → California’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) grew 25.3% in seven years (2001-2008).
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- 2001 -
Creating wealth in organizations - The role of strategic leadership - Rowe - 2001 -Wealth creation in entrepreneurial and established orgcrnfzafion.i is a complex, challenging task in today's global and technologically advancing business environment. Strategic leadership enhances the wealth-creation process in enfrepreneuriai and established organizations, and leads to above-average returns.
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The Inner City Economic Report. Operation Hope Harold P. Welsch, DePaul University Barbara A. Kuhns, DePaul University , April 2001Community-based enterprises appear to contribute to social and economic survival, and perhaps to development, in marginalized areas in the United States. Communitybased enterprises are defined as entrepreneurial initiatives which enhance the quality of life and economic development of a particular region. The intent of the study is to look for patterns that lead to successful formation and operation of entrepreneurial community-based enterprises. The study pursues models, antecedents and outcomes of community-based enterprises by employing qualitative (clinical) research methods to capture rich, descriptive data in the entrepreneurship field as suggested by Arnold Cooper and reinforced by Sue Birley (McCarthy & Nicholls-Nixon, 2001) .
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- 2000 -
The Minority Business Challenge: Democratizing Capital for Emerging Domestic Markets - Milken Institute and the U.S. Department of Commerce - September 2000In February 1999, the Milken Institute and the Minority Business Development Agency (MBDA) of the U.S. Department of Commerce and its Capital Access Task Force, began an investigation into the implications of entrepreneurial finance for minority businesses. The findings, documented in a study titled “Mainstreaming Minority Business: Financing Domestic Emerging Markets,” reported that minority businesses are growing faster than majority firms in number and revenue yet remain severely constrained by lack of access to capital.
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Case Study - MassEnvelopePlus - Harvard Business School |
CBA - Making Development Projects Accountable - by Julian Gross Attorney at Law with Greg LeRoy of Jobs First and Madeline Janis - Aparicio of LAANECommunity Benefit Agreements (CBAs) – project-specific contracts between developers and community organizations – are safeguards to ensure that local community residents share in the benefits of major developments. They allow community groups to have a voice in shaping a project, to press for community benefits that are tailored to their particular needs, and to enforce developer’s promises.
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Emerging Philanthropy in Communities of Color - A Report on Current Trends - WK Kellogg FoundationWithin the realm of philanthropy, assets are designated for the purpose of solving complex problems, enriching and deepening cultural traditions, and building upon the wealth of a society to invest in people, communities, and their institutions. Although only one of many culturally benevolent practices, the endowment of foundations, public philanthropies, and specific funds in the United States has been bolstered both by economic conditions and tax regulations that make gifts beneficial to donors and recipients. Generally, those with the most contribute to the endowment of philanthropies, and those with the least turn to those organizations for assistance in gathering the necessary resources to address community challenges.
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Needs Assessment - A Guide To DevelopmentSummary of Foundation Concepts • A “need” is a discrepancy or gap between “what is” and “what should be.” • A “needs assessment” is a systematic set of procedures that are used to determine needs, examine their nature and causes, and set priorities for future action. • In the real world, there is never enough money to meet all needs. Needs assessments are conducted to help program planners identify and select the right job before doing the job right. KEY TO P I CS In this session, we will answer the following: ¾ What is a needs assessment? ¾ What steps are involved in conducting a needs assessment? ¾ What aspects of a needs assessment are important to its success?
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REENTRY - Building Faith Based CBO Capacity - Eugene WilliamsIn response to lawsuits, federal receivership of its medical, mental health and juvenile justice systems, and pressure from the federal courts to immediately reduce massive overcrowding, the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (CDCR) recently released a plan to reduce prison overcrowding by gradually decreasing the prison population over the next three years and expanding community-based alternatives to incarceration.
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Ryan Eliason - Client Attraction Mind MapAttracting and enrolling clients is a critical skill set to master if you want to turn your passion to serve the world into a lucrative career. These 2 diagrams illustrate my 5-stage formula for attracting, enrolling, and retaining all the perfect fit clients or customers you could possibly want. I've shown thousands of changemakers how to implement this formula with great success
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